PARAGRAF DOLDURMA SORULARI

1.Ice skating has been a popular sport for hundreds of years. Some of the first skates were made from animal bones and the Chinese even used corn stalks to help them glide over the ice. It was in the Netherlands, though, that skating first won national popularity. ....... . Because of this, everyone skated as it was the easiest way to get around during the cold months.

A) Skating was confined mostly to racing over distances ranging from 50 to 50,000 metres
B) The first official skating club was formed not in the Netherlands, but in Scotland
C) A record dating back to 1396 tells of a young girl who had a terrible skating accident
D) The country's many rivers and canals were frozen solid for a large part of the year
E) Artists such as Peter Breughel the Elder have painted scenes showing skaters on ice

2. ........ . These works are so beautiful that they still remain among the greatest poems ever written. Tradition says that they were composed by Homer, the epic poet of ancient Greece, around the 800s BC. However, scholars have never determined whether Homer actually wrote them, or simply put them into their final form. Some scholars even doubt that Homer ever actually existed.

A) Most of the story deals with the anger of the hero, the great Achilles, and its tragic results
B) The characters are all noble and majestic people and the poetry is rhythmic and very beautiful
C) The work also serves as a record of the ancient world, especially of its manners arid customs
D) Like the Iliad, the Odyssey was written by the blind poet Homer, who also sang the poems
E) Some of the myths of the most ancient period of Greek life survive in the Iliad and Odyssey


3.In 1930, the United States Bureau of the Census defined any person over the age of ten who is unable to read or write as an illiterate. ........ . He must be able to read, write and use numbers with some degree of skill in order to meet the demands of modern society. The higher level of ability is known as functional literacy.

A) However, the ability to read and write is no longer considered enough to make a person truly literate
B) The movement to get rid of illiteracy began in the state of Kentucky in the early 20th century
C) This definition refers to the ability to read and write in any language, not necessarily in English
D) When the US entered World War I, it was discovered that 700,000 of the    , new soldiers could not read
E) Government statistics show that the illiteracy rate in the US has fallen from 8% to about 2%


4.The official language of Botswana is English. Newspapers are in English and it's the language used in Parliament and in schools, from, the fifth year upwards. ......... which is a Bantu language, part of the great Sotho-speaking group that includes the people of Lesotho as well as the Venda people of Southern Africa.

A) People customarily greet each other, whether strangers or not, with the word dumela, meaning hello
B) Even so, many other languages are spoken, and 90% of the population understands Setswana
C) One huge problem in the area is that national boundaries almost never coincide with linguistic ones
D) The oldest inhabitants of the region are the San-speaking bushmen
E) Most of the population is made up of the Tswana, or Bechuana, a people of Bantu heritage


5.Nobody knows how many stars there are. Even on a clear night, you can probably only see about 2,000 stars with the naked eye. ....... . This is due to the curve of the Earth, which prevents you from, seeing farther. In addition, the thickness of the atmosphere above you also cuts down the number of stars you can see. However, the main reason you cannot see more is that many of the stars are so far away that their light is too dim to be seen with the naked eye.

A) Once in a few hundred years, a new and particularly bright star seems to appear in our heavens
B) A good way to start studying the stars is to learn how to recognise the major constellations
C) That is partly because you can only see the stars that are overhead in your part of the Earth
D) Since earliest times, the North Star has helped sailors find their way across the trackless seas
E) Some of the stars are bigger and brighter than our own sun, and some are smaller and fainter


6. ....... . It is the process by which the body attempts to rid itself of bacteria, poisons or other foreign substances which irritate or hurt it. Blood vessels in the affected part expand and cause more blood to flow to the affected area. The increased amount of blood in the affected part, together with the expanded blood vessels, results in swelling, which in turn causes pain.

A) Inflammation is an abnormal condition in which there is swelling, heat and pain in part of the body
B) The human body doesn't react well with foreign substances and will attempt to reject them quickly
C) In addition to serving as food for the body's billions of cells, the blood protects us from infection
D) Every disease has a cause, although the causes of some remain to be discovered
E) Doctors regularly prescribe antibiotics for patients with bacterial infections and certain illnesses


7.Theatre in Medieval times developed slowly. Wandering players and musicians kept theatrical traditions alive. ........ . Therefore, the Church used drama to teach them stories from the Bible. These dramas were called mystery plays. They began as early as the 1000s, and developed chiefly in England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. These early plays were performed in a church and became widely popular.

A) We know that tragedy was the earliest form of drama
B) The purpose of drama is both to entertain and to teach
C) They performed plays in wealthy people's homes
D) Most of the people could neither read nor write
E) Love of drama seems to be a part of basic human nature


8.Iceland's first settler was Ingolfur Arnarson, who landed there in 874 after fleeing Norway as an outlaw. ....... . These earliest colonists of Iceland founded several settlements and established the Althing, or Parliament, in 93O. Later, Iceland went through a series of civil wars, and finally, in 1262, the Althing voted to place Iceland under Norwegian rule. A bit over a century later, the island became a Danish possession.

A) A plague wiped out approximately two-thirds of Iceland's population during the fifteenth century
B) Other Norwegians began to arrive soon and occupied and populated the island
C) Sagas, written during the 1100s and 1200s are fabulous stories of Icelandic and Scandinavian heroes
D) Some historians believe that the first European trips to America started in Iceland and Greenland
E) In 1874, the 1000th anniversary of the country's settling, Denmark gave Iceland its independence

9.People told stories about fairies long before they wrote about them in books. On winter evenings, people often gathered around a fireplace or campfire to tell their favourite tales. ........ . In this way, people became familiar with fairy tales from many lands. This also explains the reason why many fairy stories told today in different parts of the world resemble each other.

A) Fairy stories usually begin with the words, "Once upon a time..."
B) Fairy tales usually changed as they passed from one place to another
C) Belief in fairies was especially strong during the Middle Ages
D) Shakespeare wrote about fairies in "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
E) Travellers carried fairy stories to many different countries


10.In all parts of the world, millions of people live and work on farms. For many families, farming is a profitable business. Some farms cover hundreds, or even thousands of acres. These huge farms may produce tons of food every year. Some farms produce vast crops of coffee, fruit or sugar. Others raise cattle pi sheep by the thousands. ........ . These farmers often raise little more than the food they need to feed their families.

A) Farmers work with the soil, sunlight and water to raise crops
B) Besides, farmers plough the ground, sow seeds and harvest crops
C) Thus the farmer's crops and livestock provide many necessities of life
D) However, for countless farmers, farming is a hard way of life
E) But they are able to sell their crops or livestock for a lot of money


11.The Chinese may have used firearms thousands of years ago, but firearms as we know them were not developed in the Western world until Europeans learnt how to use gunpowder during the 1200s. The invention of firearms led to great changes in warfare. Bullets could penetrate armour. ..... . However, these huge structures crumbled before the assault of new weapons, such as cannon balls.

A) Castles had easily withstood the attacks of men armed with swords, spears and bows and arrows
B) The rifle was invented in the late 1500s, but many improvements have been made since then
C) The first firearms were cannons, but men soon developed firearms that they could carry
D) Early hand-held firearms, such as the pistol and the musket, were heavy and difficult to load
E) Many people believe that the world would be a better place if firearms hadn't been invented


12. ........ . Some like fishing because it gives them a chance to be outdoors. Some like to sit quietly on the bank of a stream, watch the ripples in the water, and think. Others like the exciting fight of a strong game fish. Whatever the reason, about 20,000,000 people take out fishing licences every year in the United States. As a licence is not required for a fisherman under a certain age, or for fishing in salt water, probably the total number of fishermen is more likely to be nearer 30,000,000.

A) Fish are one of the most important sources of food for man
B) Fish that are smaller than a certain length may not be kept
C) The pleasures of fishing are different for each fisherman
D) Fishing has been the sport of many American Presidents
E) Fishing laws protect fish in every state in the United States


13.Many materials provide protection against heat and cold. The body is protected by clothing made of various textiles. Generally, several layers of lightweight clothing provide greater protection than one thick layer with the same total weight. This is due to the insulating effect of the air between the layers. ........ . For example, builders use storm windows to help insulate houses. The layer of air between the inner and outer panes of glass provides insulation.

A) Insulation may also be used when the conservation of heat is not the chief concern
B) Other types of insulation do not readily permit sound or electricity to pass through
C) This same principle is applied to insulation in houses and other structures
D) Clothing is one of the most important and most common types of insulation
E) The air is permanently trapped between the two layers of glass or other material


14.No one can tell exactly how much any dog should eat. ....... . If it appears thin, feed it more food. Dogs of all ages need meat every day. You may give a fully grown dog scraps from the table, which should contain at least one-third meat. However, do not give your dog bones, as bone splinters can injure him if he swallows them.

A) Wash the food dish thoroughly every clay
B) Throw uneaten food away after 20 minutes
C) Keep fresh drinking water available at all times
D) Tinned food supplies the vitamins he needs
E) If your dog becomes fat, feed it less food


15.When man is not prepared, sudden and violent floods may bring huge losses. They may destroy property, wipe out homes and carry off the rich topsoil, leaving the land barren. ......... . The Nile River in Egypt, for example, built up the plains of Egypt with its yearly floods and made the Nile Valley one of the most fertile regions in the world. It brought fertile soil from lands that were far to the south and deposited the soil in the valley.

A) Sometimes, however, floods maybe helpful rather than destructive
B) Rivers may receive ten times as much water as they can hold
C) Tree planting is an important part of modern flood control
D) Floods from the sea are usually caused by extremely high winds
E) Floodwaters have often destroyed entire communities


16. ........ . The land includes a desert, thick jungles, and one of the world's rainiest areas. It also has broad plains, great rivers, the tallest mountain system in the world, and tropical lowlands. The people of India belong to many different races and religions. They speak about ISO languages, including 14 major tongues. Some Indians have great wealth, while others can spend only a few cents a day on the bare necessities of life.

A) Many ways of life in India have stayed the same for thousands of years
B) Some Indians are college graduates, but others have never gone to school
C) Many Indian people cannot even understand each other's language
D) India has great varieties and differences in both its land and its people
E) Overcrowding gets worse as India's huge population keeps growing rapidly

 
17.The first wave of immigration had  brought 700,000 Norwegians to the US by 1860. ....... . This mass migration, which ended in the 1920s, brought some 700,000 more immigrants. Today, only about 500 Norwegians come to the US each year to join the nearly 4 million Norwegian-Americans already in the country.

A) The greatest exodus started in the 1880s, when 11 percent of Norway's population immigrated to America
B) Most of the early Norwegian immigrants came from the south-central farming areas near Oslo
C) The earliest motivation for Norwegian immigration was the dream of religious freedom
D) Though Lief Ericson visited America in 1000 A.D., the first permanent settlers came in 1825
E) Norway is a mountainous country where only 12 percent of the land can be used for farming

18. ....... . But only once in the history of the NBA has a single player managed to do it. He was in the Philadelphia Warriors when he accomplished this extraordinary feat in a game against the New York Knicks on 3 March, 1963.

A) Michael Jordan's high-leaping slam dunks inspired his nickname of Air Jordan
B) His extraordinary height of 7 feet 2 inches enabled Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to be a superb basketball player
C) Magic Johnson got his start playing basketball on the playgrounds of Lansing
D) Wilt Chamberlain scored 100 points in a single game
E) In his first year at university, Julius Erving broke records for scoring and rebounding

19.The hippopotamus is a large animal, related to the pig, and native to some of the rivers and lakes of Africa. It is an amphibious animal, equally at home on land or in the water. ............. . Another is the two tusk-like teeth in the lower jaw. It has short legs, and its eyes and nostrils protrude high on the head, which allows it to stay comfortably submerged in water for long periods.

A) It is a vegetarian animal, eating plants from lakes and streams
B) They can breathe while almost totally immersed in the water
C) One distinguishing feature is its smooth, hairless dark hide
D) Sometimes they are hunted for their meat and for their teeth
E) They feed on vegetation at night and sleep for most of the day

20. ........... . We usually blame a hectic lifestyle for our addiction. However, the caffeine found in coffee has many disadvantages. Caffeine has no energy value, and leaves the body feeling weak. As a stimulant, caffeine causes insomnia, so coffee should be avoided as a bedtime drink. In addition, some researchers maintain that heavy coffee drinkers are more prone to develop coronary heart disease.

A) Drinking coffee with a meal reduces the absorption of iron
from food
B) Caffeine is present in small amounts in both lea and coffee
C) Those who suffer from migraines should avoid drinking coffee
D) Most of us drink too much coffee at some point in our lives
E) Cocoa, which is used in making chocolate, also contains
caffeine

21. Fencing is swordsmanship organised as a sport. Three types of weapon may be used — the foil, the epee, or the sabre. ............ . This is partly designed as a form of protection, consisting of a canvas jacket and trousers, gloves and a face mask. Among other skills, the sport calls for precision, coordination and strategy.

A) The fencer selects his chosen weapon
B) There is also a standard type of costume
C) A shield may be used during the fight
D) There are other weapons required as well
E) White is usually the colour of fencing uniforms


22. Bruises are caused when tiny blood vessels are damaged, leading to an accumulation of blood under the skin. ............ . To avoid this, start by increasing your consumption of these essential nutrients. Citrus fruits, such as oranges, are rich in vitamin C, while dark green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, are rich in both vitamins C and K.

A) Bruises look unattractive, and can be avoided if we eat properly
and lake care
B) Very easy bruising is usually due to a nutritional deficiency of
vitamins C or K
C) Fruit and vegetables are a wonderful source of goodness,
containing many vitamins
D) Along with such sports injuries as fractures, sprains and
dislocations, bruises are common
E) Some minor medical problems can be cured quite easily by
eating nutritional foods

23. ............. and experts predict that, if the trend continues at this rate, within a few years, and certainly by 2005, for the first time in human history, half of the 6.5 billion people of our planet will be living in towns and cities. That is an enormous change. In 1950, only 29 percent of the world's population of 2.5 billion were urban dwellers.

A) Cities offer more to attract people than rural areas
B) The world's population is difficult to calculate
C) Population density is expressed in people per square kilometre
D) Many migrants work in poorly paid employment
E) The world's urban population is growing fast

24.Beautiful, easy to work, and indestructible, gold has inspired artists, wherever it has occurred. ............... . Thus gold-rich Indians of Central and South America created exquisite works and, when the Spanish conquered South America, they took examples of this treasure back to Europe.

A) Not surprisingly, the best artistry was found where raw material
was abundant
B) Some of the greatest work in goid was created by artists in
Renaissance Europe
C) The ancient Egyptians linked gold to the Sun and to Ra, the god
of the Sun
D) The Etruscans of Northern Italy were famous for making
golden jewellery
E) Gold has always been much more valuable than silver and most
other metals

25.Skating has been a means of winter transportation on the ice for many centuries. Polished animal bones were first used as skates, foltowed by wooden runners and iron skates. In 1850, steel skates were introduced for the first time in Philadelphia. ............... but the first speed championships were held in Canada in 1887.

A) Canadians are among the best skaters in the world today
B) Ice skaters who wanted to skate when there was no ice probably
developed roller skates
C) The introduction of steel skates was a major development
D) A few people were interested in skating in the 19th century
E) Skating as a sport began and was developed in Scotland


26. ........... . He left $9,000,000 in his will, the interest to be distributed yearly to those who had most benefitted humankind in physics, chemistry, medicine-physiology, literature and promotion of peace. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. In 1996, each prize was worth more than $1 million.

A) The first Nobel Prize in Economic Science was awarded in
1969; 68 years later
B) Nelson Mandela, the President of South Africa, won the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1993
C) The Nobel Prizes are named after Alfred B. Nobel, the inventor
of dynamite
D) Both the Pulitzer prizes and the Nobel prizes carry financial
rewards for the winners
E) To win a Nobel prize is one of the highest honours a person can
ever receive

27.Construction on the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy began in 1174. This was suspended when the builders became aware that the shallow foundation would be.inadequate in the soft soil. ............ . The Tower has eight storeys, and today slants more than 14 feet from the perpendicular.

A) Known for its leaning tower and its art, Pisa is the capital of the
province of Pisa
B) Due to this problem, the Leaning Tower only stood six floors
high
C) Perhaps they realised that this tower would be a tourist
attraction
D) Nevertheless, the structure was complete by the late 14th
century
E) Galileo dropped weights from the tower to prove his views
concerning falling bodies

28.The show The Romance of Helen Trent was first broadcast in 1933. It became one of the most popular serials of its day and was the forerunner of many daily, 15-minute soap operas. The reasons for its popularity were obvious. ............. . Moreover, the plot focused on the romantic difficulties of stereotyped middle-class women. The programme lasted until June 24, 1960. During its 27-year run, three different actresses played the part of Helen.

A) The theatre which produced the play made millions of dollars
B) It appealed to women and was broadcast during the day
C) It was an informative documentary, with factual reportage
D) Helen Trent wrote the series while she was in her late twenties
E) The show was the longest play that has ever been seen on the
stage

29.Marriage is a step that young people in the West seem increasingly unwilling to take. ............ . But there are other reasons as well. Most young people today, both male and female, seem intent on pursuing a career rather than settling down and having children. Increasing opportunities for women also mean that they see a role for themselves outside of being the traditional wife and mother.

A) In addition, many high schools, colleges, and universities offer
courses in preparing for marriage
B) In one form or another, marriage has existed almost as long as
civilisation itself
C) With the press poking into every aspect of people's private
lives, there seems to be no privacy any more
D) The old saying that "two can live as cheaply as one" is still as
true as ever
E) They must be discouraged by the divorce rate, which has been
increasing in recent years

30. ............ . Instead of dumping rubbish in an unhygienic landfill, why not use it to heat or cool our homes and offices in place of, or as a supplement to, expensive fossil fuels? It would mean less pollution and would ease the drain on lessening reserves of coal, gas and oil.

A) Humans first made use of wind power in ancient Egypt
thousands of years ago
B) Nuclear energy is seen by many as the source of inexpensive,
clean power
C) Coal is dirty, oil and natural gas are scarce, but solar energy is
safe, clean and free
D) Waste-to-energy schemes could solve two of our most difficult
problems in one stroke
E) It's disgusting that people drop rubbish in the street and damage
the environment

31.Sunburn is similar to any other kind of burn, but is usually not felt until several hours after exposure. .............. . With short, gradual exposures to the sun, your skin builds its melanin filter, which blocks these harmful rays and prevents burning. In this way, everyone apart from exceptionally fair-skinned people can gradually and safely acquire a suntan.

A) The skin damage is caused by ultraviolet rays
B) To protect your skin, you should avoid the sun
C) Reactions to overexposure to the sun vary from mild to severe
D) People with dark skins are unlikely to get burnt
E) You will feel the effects almost instantly

32.Thomas Jefferson was an American statesman and the principal  author of the Declaration of Independence. He was elected the third president of the United States. ........... . The Louisiana Purchase, as it was called, was the biggest sale of land in history, and doubled the size of the United States.

A) During his administration, he sent explorers across the
continent to the Pacific Ocean
B) He was preceded in the position by John Adams, and followed
by James Madison
C) In this capacity, he bought, from France, a huge stretch of
territory west of the Mississippi
D) In this election, he tied with Aaron Burr, so the election had to
be settled by the Congress
E) He owned a large piece of land in Virginia, known as
Monticello, and on it, he kept many slaves


33. In most cases, the right half of your brain serves the left side of your body, and vice versa. ............. . The left side of your left eye is served by the left half of your brain, and the right side of your left eye is served by the right half of your brain. The same pattern, in reverse, occurs for your right eye.

A) The right side of the brain controls creativity
B) Basically, there are six parts to each eye
C) Every part of your body works like this
D) Faulty vision may require the use of glasses
E) However, this is different for your eyes


34.Anton Chekhov was a Russian novelist and dramatist, who trained as a doctor but soon turned to writing. His famous plays include The Cherry Orchard and The Seagull. ..............; however, he also wrote novels and short stories, all with his own brand of satirical humour. Most of his works, set in the Russia of his own day, present a comprehensive picture of late imperial society. Above all, they represent a serious inquiry, relieved by humour, into the human condition.

A) Chekhov had a strong sense of humour
B) The author is known chiefly for these plays
C) He accomplished worldwide fame
D) Chekhov differed from his predecessors Tolstoi and
Dostoyevsky
E) In both fiction and drama, Chekhov was an innovator


35.The baboon is a mammal belonging to the monkey family, native to Arabia and parts of Africa. Baboons live in groups or troops of as many as fifty animals and are considered to be the most intelligent of the monkeys. ........... . Therefore, even lions tend to stay away from the male baboon. However, they rarely fight amongst themselves in the wild.

A) They live on fruit, vegetables, insects and small animals
B) Intelligence is the individual's ability to think and solve
problems
C) These animals are considered to be playful and mischievous
D) They are also very strong and extremely dangerous when
angered
E) Lions may still be found in their natural habitat in parts of
Africa


36. ............. . The reason for this is that, in standing, there is a constant demand on the same muscles. If a person is employed in an occupation that requires' long periods of standing, some muscles may become excessively strained and painful. In walking or running, however, your weight is more evenly distributed among the twenty muscles in each of your feet and the thirteen in each leg above the feet.

A) The skin on the soles of your feet is extremely thick
B) Walking and running can be very bad for your feet
C) Your feet are the basic foundations of your body
D) In the majority of people, the big toe is the longest
E) Standing in one spot is far more tiring than walking


37.The Himalayas are a vast range of mountains in Asia that extend for over 2,410 km across the northern frontier of India. ............ . This was first climbed in 1953 by a team including the New Zealander, Sir Edmund Hillary. Since then it has been conquered many times.

A) The Ganges and the Indus rivers both rise in the Himalayas
B) The southern slopes of the mountain are the steepest
C) The Andes are surpassed in height only by the Himalayas
D) Nepal in the Himalayas was closed to the outside world
E) They include the highest mountain in the world, Everest


38.Andre Marie Ampere, who lived from 1775 to 1836, was a French scientist who did important work in the field of electro-magnetism. He demonstrated that electric currents produce magnetic fields and investigated the relationship between these two phenomena. ............. though it is usually shortened to 'amp'.

A) He is credited with the identification of electrical currents
B) His work is complemented by that of the Scot, James Watt
C) The electrical unit of current strength is named after him
D) He discovered the law of force between magnets and wires
E) His work led to greater understanding of electrical forces