CÜMLE ATMA SORULARI

1.(I) A receptionist is required to join a friendly and professional team in running a busy 43-bedroom country house hotel. (II) Of course there are larger hotels in the area, but most of them are much smaller, with 10 to 15 rooms. (III) The successful candidate must have experience of dealing with the public, and should have a working knowledge of computerised hotel systems. (IV) However, full training will be given. (V) We are looking for someone who is enthusiastic and confident with a friendly manner.

A) I      B) II       C) III     D) IV    E) V

2.(I) As gold does not usually tarnish, all it requires is occasional washing in warm, soapy water and then rinsing and drying with a soft cloth. (II) It is not advisable to use a metal polish, as these are slightly abrasive and gold is a soft metal. (III) If any gold item does not respond to this cleaning method, it means that there is a lot of base metal in it. (IV) It was such base metals that alchemists attempted, without success, to turn into gold. (V) In this case, tarnishing can be removed by cleaning with a solution of one part ammonia to nine parts water.

A) I      B) II       C) III     D) IV    E) V

3.(I) The, origin of man's use of coffee is lost in the timeless legends of the Middle East. (II) One of the most appealing relates that some monks, after observing the liveliness of sheep which had eaten coffee cherries, began to eat the cherries to stay awake through long nights of prayer. (III) An ordinary cup of coffee contains about 150 milligrams of caffeine — roughly the amount that physicians regard as a "therapeutic dose".  (IV) In time, coffee was used as a food, as a medicine and as an ingredient in wine. (V) Coffee as a beverage similar to that of today appeared around 1300.

A) I      B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

4.(I) An inquest is an inquiry held by a group of people who have the legal right to make an investigation. (II) In the US and Canada, the most common type is a coroner's inquest, which looks into the circumstances surrounding a person's death, if it is suspicious. (III) When the inquest has finished, the results of the investigation are reported to the coroner. (IV) He, in turn, passes them on to the jury, which may use the information in determining the outcome of a trial. (V) The jury system, as it exists now, is entirely the creation of the British and American legal systems.

A) I      B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

5.(I) Flamenco is a type of dance performed mainly by the gypsies in Andalucia, a part of southern Spain. (II) A gypsy performer makes up steps within the dance according to his mood. (III) He is usually accompanied by a guitarist. (IV) Gypsies are believed to have arrived in Europe from Asia many centuries ago. (V) People often form a circle around the dancer and encourage him by singing, clapping, stamping, and shouting in rhythm with the music.

A) I      B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

6.(I) Acid rain is a cocktail of acidic chemicals that is carried by the wind and delivered by the rain hundreds, even thousands, of miles from its origin. (II) In spite of this, the cheapest means of solving the problem is to increase energy efficiency. (III) Damaging or killing forests, lakes, wildlife, humans, buildings, works of art, it is one of the most serious environmental threats. (IV) It is worst in Europe and North America. (V) However, its damaging effects have been felt as far afield as Southern India, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, South-East Asia, Eastern China and Australia.

A) I      B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

7.(I) A fable is a short story which teaches a lesson. (II) Some fables are no longer than a paragraph of prose, while others are short poems. (III) The characters are usually animals, but they talk and act like people. (IV) However,, it is said that Aesop, a Greek slave, wrote most of the fables. (V) In fact, the meaning of the fable is often made clear at the end by what one of these animals wisely says.

A) I      B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

8.(I) The first match was invented in 1827 by the English pharmacist John Walker. (II) The tip of this match was coated with a mixture of antimony sulfide and potassium chlorate that was held onto the wooden matchstick by gum Arabic. (III) Other and more efficient matches were developed later. (IV) When this tip was rubbed on a rough surface, friction produced enough beat to ignite the chemicals. (V) The burning chemicals then produced enough heat to ignite the wooden matchstick.

A) I     B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

9.(I) Keeping a diary is a valuable activity for young people. (II) It helps them learn to express their beliefs, their experiences and their desires. (III) The rereading of a diary which has been kept for several years helps the writer to realise how his attitudes may have changed and how his mind has grown. (IV) The attitude of the young has changed a great deal over the past few decades, in both desirable and undesirable ways. (V) It also serves as a factual record of events that might otherwise be difficult for a person to recall.

A) I      B) II       C) III     D) IV    E) V

10.(I) An easy way to find direction is by means of a watch, a stick and the Sun. (II) In addition, it is possible to find directions during the morning and afternoon. (III) Hold the stick upright at the outer end of the hour hand on the watch. (IV) Turn the watch slowly until the shadow of the stick falls along the hour hand. (V) South will lie halfway between the shadow and the twelve on the watchface.

A) I      B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

11.(I) Costume dolls from foreign lands show how other people dress. (II) For hundreds of years, the Japanese have paid the highest honour to their dolls. (III) They hold a three-day Festival of Dolls on the third day of the third month of each year. (IV) Sometimes this celebration is called the Girls' Festival. (V) This is because all Japanese girls celebrate their birthdays at that time, even if it falls on some other day.

A) I     B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

12.(I) The stars in the clear night sky seem countless in number. (II) Yet, for every star you can see with your unaided eye, there are more than a hundred different species of insects on the Earth below. (III) The chief reason that insects play such an important part in our lives is because they eat so much. (IV) Scientists have identified more than 800,000 kinds of insects. (V) There are still so many unknown ones that some authorities believe the list may total from 2,000,000 to 4,000,000 species.

A) I      B) II      C) III     D) IV    E) V

13.(I) A lucky accident led to the invention of the first friction match in 1827. (II) John Walker, a chemist in Stockton-on-Tees, England, dropped a stick coated with potash and antimony to the floor. (III) To his surprise, the stick burst into flame. (IV) With further experiments, he found that this was due to the striking of chemically treated sticks. (V) Today, matches are still in use, but more people prefer lighters.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

14.(I) Just before World War II, there was a move among the world's few nuclear physicists. (II) Some of them felt that they should halt research and leave the secrets of nuclear energy undiscovered. (III) Theirs was a terrible dilemma, though, for scientists are dedicated to truth, not consequences. (IV) World War II ended in 1945, shortly after the United States dropped atom bombs on two Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (V) Even after open warfare spared them that choice, they kept strategic findings secret with great reluctance.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

15.(I) Every bone in your body is alive. (II) Like every other organ in the human body, each bone has the ability to grow, develop and repair itself. (III) What is in a bone? (IV) Why do adult bones break more easily than babies' bones? (V) 25% is water, 45% is mineral — mostly calcium — and the other 30% is living tissue, blood vessels and cells.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

16.(I) Our system of numeration is called the decimal, or base-ten, system, and there is little doubt that our ten fingers influenced the development of a numeration system based on ten digits. (II) Numerology uses numbers to describe a person's character and predict the future. (III) The theory behind numerology is based on the Pythagorean idea that all things can be expressed in numerical terms because they are ultimately reducible to numbers. (IV) Using a special numerical system which assigns a number to each letter, modern numerologists add up the digits of a person's name and birth date and then reduce them to a single digit for each. (V) They then consult a numeric table that describes the personalities and fortunes of people with those numbers.

A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV      E) V

17.(I) Born in poverty in Detroit in 1904, the grandson of a slave, Ralph Bunche took degrees from the University of California and Harvard. (II) Its name honours Puritan clergyman John Harvard, who gave his library and half of his estate to the-school. (III) In 1948, he was assigned to assist Count Folke Bernadotte of Sweden in mediating the Arab-Israeli war over Palestine. (IV) Upon Bernadotte's assassination by Jewish terrorists, Bunche pressed on alone to bring the seven Arab states and Israel together, despite the strong refusal to face each other over a bargaining table. (V) For this work he received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize.

A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV     E) V

18.(I) In 1877 the All-England Croquet Club, located in the London suburb of Wimbledon, decided that croquet was not bringing in enough income to keep the club afloat. (II) To attract new members, the club permitted another sport to enter its grounds and took the name All-England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. (III) That led to the creation of the lawn tennis championships on grassland the event everybody refers to simply as Wimbledon. (IV) About two hundred people watched the first final in 1877. (V) A school was later built on the site of the original club.

A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV     E) V

19.(I) When he died in 1618, Sir Walter Raleigh was buried with his favourite pipe and a tin of tobacco. (II) This did not surprise people much, though, as Raleigh was the man who introduced tobacco from the New World. (III) Thus, Raleigh's principal claim to fame rests -on his efforts to colonise the New World. (IV) His coffin was also to be lined with the wood of his old Havana cigar boxes. (V) All his requests were followed and Sir Walter went out in a glorious puff of smoke.

A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV      E) V

20.(I) The learned community of the Church and the universities, the community of readers in the Middle Ages, was held together by Latin. (II) So long as Latin was the language of universities, there was, at least in the linguistic sense, a single European university system. (III) The monotony of Latin, however, was further increased by the great number of long syllables. (IV) Having this advantage of using the same language, countless ordinary students, along with Galileo and Harvey, went from one learned community to another. (V) For the first and last time, the whole continent had a single language of learning.

A) I      B) II      C)III      D)IV     E) V

21.(I) Isabelle Eberhardt (1877-1904) was born the daughter of Russian emigres and raised in an aristocratic climate. (II) She reinvented herself as a desert Arab and a devoted Muslim. (Ill) Lawrence of Arabia lived among desert Arabs but never converted to Islam. (IV) During her brief life, she was a source of worried speculation to the French authorities in North Africa. (V) After her death, she became a legend: the Amazon of the Sahara.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

22.(I) Not only pollution but also unemployment, overpopulation and famine are major problems the world faces today. (II) Smoke is dirty — but at least it is obvious and fairly local. (Ill) The more dangerous pollutants are invisible. (IV) Country air may be laden with them and, to deal with them, you have to know what they are and where they come from. (V) This can be done by monitoring their concentrations over hundreds of square miles.

A) I       B)II       C)III        D)IV      E)V

23.(I) A warm ocean current, the Gulf Stream originates near the Gulf of Mexico and flows north along the eastern coast of the United States. (II) It then flows across the Atlantic ocean, passing near Great Britain and the Scandinavian Peninsula, and ending in the Arctic Ocean. (Ill) The stream moderates the climates of the regions it approaches, creating a current of warm air. (IV) This can cause dense fog in England as it comes into contact with the cold winter air. (V) The Japanese Current is sometimes known as the "Gulf Stream" of the Pacific Ocean.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

24.(I) Lebanon's Mediterranean coast has warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. (II) Prior to the civil war, Lebanon was the international playground of the eastern Mediterranean. (III) It was a unique blend of tradition and sophistication; Christian and Muslim; European and Middle Eastern. (IV) The civil war changed all that. (V) The country was divided and damaged physically, culturally and economically.

A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV      E) V

25.(I) Each power in the Cold War built its military strength as quickly as possible. (II) In this arms race, both the USA and the former USSR stockpiled atomic bombs, tested new weapons and developed hi-tech planes and missiles. (III) They might, for example, use this money to raise living standards in underdeveloped countries and distribute land to peasants. (IV) Not long after them, China and France became nuclear powers and began testing their own weapons. (V) As more such countries become nuclear powers, the theory is that the world's supply of very dangerous weapons makes the idea of using them impossible to consider.

A) I       B)II       C) III       D)IV      E) V

26.(I) For a long time, the source of the Sun's enormous energy remained a mystery. (II) At a distance of 93 million miles from the Earth, our Sun is 270,000 times as close to us as the next-nearest star. (Ill) Early theories proposed that it was a massive burning lump of coal. (IV) However, it was quickly obvious that such a source would have burned out long ago. (V) In the 1930s, it became apparent that the only form of energy that could keep the Sun burning for billions of years had to be nuclear energy, and science now holds that this is the case.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

27.(I) Caused by a virus, the common cold involves inflammation and swelling in nasal passages and sinuses, which drain into the throat and cause irritation and infection. (II) There are at least three dozen strains of viruses which cause cold symptoms. (Ill) Antibiotics have no effect on viruses and should not be used in the treatment of colds. (IV) Influenza sometimes has similar symptoms, but it is a completely separate and much more serious, disease. (V) Instead, the body should be left to build its own defenses against the virus and to heal the tissue damaged by infection in from four to ten days.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

28.(I) The excellent visibility qualities of the colour red in extreme darkness have led to the use of red for stop signs, danger signals and break lights. (II) It is also used to designate fire equipment. (Ill) Strangely enough, black is considered more visible at sea. (IV) Its stimulating effect has led to its use for features in advertising. (V) Red may cause restlessness and insomnia if used in bedrooms, but it is considered appropriate for exercise and play rooms.

A) I       B) II      C)III        D)IV      E)V

29.(I) The Arctic Circle was so named by the Greeks, who noticed that as they went north, the orbits of the stars became larger and that they circled a fixed point in the heavens. (II) They also noted that while some stars remained visible, others came and went with the seasons. (III) These two groups could be separated by drawing a circle through the constellation of the Great Bear, Arktos. (IV) The Arctic is the home of the king of the ice, the polar bear. (V) That circle runs parallel with the equator at 66°- 33' North and encompasses six million square miles of land and water.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

30.(I) In the ancient Egyptian civilisation, the cat was closely associated with a number of important gods. (II) Cats were supposedly held sacred by the god Ra, who sometimes took on the form of a cat. (III) At some point in history, cats were used as bird hunters and some were even trained to catch fish. (IV) Isis, Egypt's chief goddess, was portrayed with cat ears, and another goddess, Pasht, was said to have the head of a cat. (V) On account of this, cats held such a high position in Egypt that the penalty for killing one was death.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

31.(I) For more than two centuries, English street vendors have traditionally sold fish and chips wrapped in newspaper because it was cheap, kept the food warm and soaked up the fat. (II) More than a million tons of fish and potatoes are consumed every year. (III) In the 1960s, however, the Ministry of Food ruled that newspaper was not clean enough. (IV) Fish and chips would have to be sold in a sterile wrapping paper. (V) Most vendors obeyed the law, but being true English traditionalists, they wrapped newspaper over the sterile paper.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

32.(I) About the only evolutionary change that has taken place in the cockroach through the ages is a positive one from humankind's point of view: most species no longer fly. (II) Many experts believe that the cockroach may have actually been the Earth's first flying creature. (III) Even today, almost all species still retain traces of their prehistoric wings. (IV) Survival of the cockroach is helped by the fact that it avoids light, moving about primarily at night. (V) With that one exception, however, there is almost no difference between cockroaches today and their primordial ancestors.

A) I       B) II      C) III       D) IV     E) V

33.(I) The Symphony No. 3 in D Minor written by Gustave Mahler has a particular distinction among all classical symphonies. (II) Mahler, who was a master of orchestration, was noted for adding solo and choir voices to his compositions. (III) It's the longest of all symphonies. (IV) The entire piece takes one hour and thirty-four minutes to perform. (V) Forty-five minutes of that time is required for the first movement.

A) I     B) II     C) III      D) IV    E) V

34.(I) The fashion designer Coco Chanel always used simplicity as the basic feature of her best known designs. (II) She began her long career during World War I, when a friend offered to set her up in a boutique. (III) There she went to work on one of her earliest designs — a blue sailor-like skirt and pullover for women working in offices and factories. (IV) The immediate success of this outfit was a testament to Chanel's ability to make the simplest designs fashionable. (V) Nowadays, so many designs are brought before the public at the same time that it becomes almost impossible to single out one style as the prevailing fashion.

A) I     B) II     C) III      D) IV     E) V